Powerful External Influence Has Stifled Women s Desires...

Powerful external influence has stifled women’s desires throughout American literature. This denial of possessing a much wanted love creates a passion that outlasts all but death. Both Katherine Porter’s Ellen Weatherall in â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall† and William Faulkner’s Emily Grierson in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† experience this longing for something more. Subject to the trappings of their surroundings, Emily and Ellen’s love affairs permanently affect the women but ultimately allow them to achieve total control of their lives. Small community settings in both â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† enable the townspeople to concern themselves with the personal affairs of others. After George leaves Ellen Weatherall, she feels the only way to avoid becoming subject to town gossip is to find another man to marry. After all, she thinks, â€Å"What does a woman do when she has put on the white veil and set out the white cake for a man and he doesn’t come?† (233). Instead of allowing people to feel sorry for her, Ellen carries on with her life and finds another man to love, John. Although she is still in love with George, she settles for this man and this marriage to avoid becoming a pitiful spinster. Emily Grierson, however, tries to ignore the town’s bias against Homer. At first the community is in disbelief, feeling that a Grierson could not possibly marry a Northerner of modest means (248). She is seen as a disgrace for behaving dishonorablyShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesexploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizationalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permissi on(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesJersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or byRead MoreMGT1FOM Key Management Theorists26579 Words   |  107 Pagestabulating machine, probably building on the ideas of Jacquard and Babbage. In concept, Babbage’s computer had all the basic elements of a more modern version. It had a store (or memory device), a mill (or arithmetic unit), a punch-card input system, external memory storage, and conditional transfer. In retrospect, ‘‘Babbage’s genius was not in the calculating power of his engine but in the mechanization of the organizing and logical control of the arithmetic function.’’ Babbage also conceived an ‘‘apparatusRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesundertaken, using the case material. When planning the use of these cases within programmes, care needs to be taken to balance the time taken on such strategic analysis so as to allow the time required to analyse the main issues for which the case has been chosen. Where the text and cases are being used as the framework for a strategy programme (as we hope they will), it is essential that students are required to undertake additional reading from other sources and that their ‘practical’ work is supplemented

Cave Hyena Facts and Figures

Name: Cave Hyena; also known as Crocuta crocuta spelaea Habitat: Plains of Eurasia Historical Period: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About five feet long and 200-250 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Long hind legs; strong jaws with sharp teeth About the Cave Hyena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea) Its not quite as well known as the Cave Bear or the Cave Lion, but the Cave Hyena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea) must have been a common sight in Pleistocene Europe and Asia, to judge by this megafauna mammals numerous fossil remains. As you can guess from its name, this hyena liked to drag its kill (or, more often, the kill of other predators) back to its den, for which purpose it was equipped with longer, more muscular hind legs than contemporary hyenas (of which the Cave Hyena is now classified as a subspecies, rather than a separate species as had previously been thought). One network of caves in Europe has yielded tantalizing evidence about the Cave Hyenas favorite prey animals, with Przewalskis Horse and the Woolly Rhino ranking high up on the dinner menu. Like most opportunistic predators of the Pleistocene epoch, Cave Hyenas occasionally preyed on early humans and hominids, and they werent shy about stealing the hard-earned kill of packs of Neanderthals (which might well doom them to starvation). Where Crocuta crocuta spelaea and the ancestors of modern humans really mixed it up was in the competition for habitable space: paleontologists have identified caves that bear evidence of alternating populations of Cave Hyenas and Neanderthals, a pattern that evidently repeated itself over thousands of years. In fact, the Cave Hyena may have been doomed by the encroachment of early humans on its rapidly dwindling caves, which grew even scarcer after the last Ice Age, about 12,000 years ago. Like many other animals with which our ancestors shared their hard-won territory, the Cave Hyena has been immortalized in primitive cave paintings. One cartoon-like representation can be found in the Chauvet Cave in France, dating to about 20,000 years ago, and a small sculpture (carved from the ivory of a Woolly Mammoth!) was created a few thousand years after that. Its likely that both early humans and Neanderthals memorialized the Cave Hyena as a kind of demigod, and also painted it on the walls of their caves in order to capture its essence and facilitate success in the hunt. (Its unlikely that early Homo sapiens targeted the Cave Hyena for its stringy meat, but its pelt would have been valuable in winter, and anyway it was a good idea to eliminate the competition!).

Knowledge, Understanding And Skills - 1851 Words

PART ONE IDENTIFY The following is taken directly from the current NSW syllabus. KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND SKILLS By responding, reflecting, analysing and composing a wide range of texts, students will develop knowledge, understanding and skills in order to: †¢ Communicate through speaking, listening, reading, writing, viewing and representing †¢ Use language to shape and make meaning according to purpose, audience and context †¢ Think in ways that are imaginative, creative, interpretive and critical †¢ Express themselves and their relationships with others and their world †¢ Learn and reflect on their learning through their study of English. VALUES AND ATTITUDES Students will value and appreciate: †¢ The importance of the English language as a key to learning †¢ The personal enrichment to be gained from a love of English, literature and learning †¢ The power of language to explore and express views of themselves as well as the social, cultural, ethical, moral, spiritual and aesthetic dimensions of human experiences †¢ The power of effective communication using the language modes of speaking, listening, reading, writing, viewing and representing †¢ The role of language in developing positive interaction and cooperation with others †¢ The diversity and aesthetics of language through literary and other texts †¢ The independence gained from thinking imaginatively, creatively, interpretively and critically. (NSW Board Of Studies) EXAMINE Within the K-10 English Syllabus there are fiveShow MoreRelatedKnowledge, Understanding and Skills in Literacy, Numeracy and Ict and Their Impact on My Practice1117 Words   |  5 PagesUNIT 303 How my knowledge, understanding and skills in Literacy, Numeracy and ICT impacts on my practice. In this assignment, I am going to describe how my knowledge and understanding and skills in Literacy, Numeracy and ICT help and impacts on my teaching assistant role at my school. All teachers and their assistants are required to have the literacy, numeracy and ICT knowledge, understanding and personal skills. This will equip us to develop inclusive approaches to addressing the literacyRead MoreKnowledge Is Information, Understanding, Or Skill That One Gets From Experience Or Education?1717 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Merriam, knowledge is information, understanding, or skill that one gets from experience or education; it could also be the state of being aware of something. In the colonial days, the lack of knowledge had been known to spark fear and uncertainty among humans. In Europe, people dreaded traveling beyond the sea shore due to the speculations of falling from the Earth because they thought that the Earth was flat. Many people cringed in fear from the thought of exploring new territoriesRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1343 Words   |  6 PagesKnowledge. Education. These are the most powerful weapon in life, and since the dawn o f time knowledge becomes the ultimate skill of an individual. Through the blade of knowledge, we can unleash our true full potential, eventually contributing massively to the world in exactly the same way great minds have done. Leaving behind countless contributions is the mark of a truly successful person. According to Nelson Mandela, the celebrated former President of South Africa, â€Å"Education is the most powerfulRead MoreSample Argumentative Essay Skills vs. Knowledge in Education Jonan Donaldson730 Words   |  3 PagesEssay Skills vs. Knowledge in Education Jonan Donaldson Introduction Main Idea One: The Other Side – Learning Information is needed for tests a) Tests are the best way to compare students b) Tests measure if you understand something c) Not all students can have the same skills, but all can have the same knowledge Main Idea Two: My Side 1 – Education is about understanding a) Knowledge is limited, but imagination encircles the world (creativity) b) Knowledge is whatRead MoreAssessment Is The Process Of Gathering Information And Evidence For Assess A Learner1258 Words   |  6 PagesAssessors will work with the learner to identify gaps in learning, knowledge and skills and provide learning objectives with feedback to enhance their knowledge base, skills and progression. Assessment comes in differing forms and can be used either singularly or in conjunction with another to provide this information. Assessments will gather information and a judgment can be formulated in regards a learners competence, knowledge and skills. Some assessments used can be summarised below. †¢ ObservationRead MoreWhy Science Is Essential For Students1678 Words   |  7 PagesScience knowledge, skills and understanding are essential for students to be effective citizens in the 21st century. This essay will show the reader why science is essential for students to become effective citizens in the 21st Century. It will explore the meanings behind the words â€Å"21st century learning† and what it means to be an effective citizen. It will explain why science more so than ever before is an integral part of the primary school curriculum. 21st Century Learning â€Å" Twenty-first centuryRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning Programs Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pages(Vrankovic, M, 2016). My learning philosophy is derived from the constructivist philosophy whereby students are active participants in their learning in order to be able to transfer information into new situations to promote deeper levels of understanding which caters for the diversity of each child. My philosophy of teaching aligns with Inquiry learning where a child’s natural inquisitive mind is nurtured through active learning experiences which are both child lead and adult lead and involve openRead MoreThe Value Of Children Engaging With Their Local Environment And Using Real Locations1235 Words   |  5 Pageswith their local environment and using real locations provides a learning experience in a real, known context that engages and motivates. The project, having an authentic audience, provides a purpose to their learning with outcomes that uses skills a nd knowledge learnt in a real context. Rogers suggests that children are leading learning and having control over it when undertaking a project such as designing a leaflet to improve a local area. He also suggests that they develop teamwork and collaborationRead MoreEffective Teaching Of The Social Studies1440 Words   |  6 Pageswith the Minnesota K-12 academic standards in social studies, have knowledge about the subject matter being taught, utilize a variety of teaching strategies in the classroom, have theoretical knowledge about learning and human behaviors, foster learning in the classroom, and promote professionalism at all times. The first characteristic of an effective teaching social studies in the elementary setting is to have a clear understanding of the statewide expectations that the Minnesota K-12 academic standardsRead MorePsychology : The Field Of Psychology980 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially in the field of Child and Youth care because, understanding how the brain works and understanding the actions, and or reasoning behind feelings may help with the cognitive therapy of a child in need. To begin, I believe having the correct knowledge and understanding how neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin affect the brain are important. As well as having the knowledge of the different parts of the limbic system such as the hippocampus

A Critique Of The Feminine Position Of Antebellum Society

Ruth Hall: A Critique of the Feminine Position in Antebellum Society In 1854 Fanny Fern published what was to become not only her most successful works, but one of the most popular and enduring works of English literature during the Antebellum period: Ruth Hall; A Domestic Tale of the Present Time. Though the title – especially to a modern reader – does little to convey the level of thoughtful and heady critique that Fern expounds through this book, it is actually is a strong indictment of the feminine position as the subordinate housewife, mother, and societal agent. However, despite this criticism, it does not seem that Fanny Fern is critical of the institutions of marriage or motherhood as a whole. Her critique is based on the limiting effects of the conventional roles into which wives and mothers fall, and the deleterious consequences these roles have on the personal development and self-actualization of the women who enter into them. Therefore, it is not the institution of marriage or motherhood that Fern is critical of, but rather the expectations and limitations that society assigns to the women who assume these roles. Throughout the novel, it is Old Mrs. Hall who represents (with a cold bitter insistence) the traditional representations of the wife and mother. While Ruth’s marriage was in no way a radical departure from tradition, it does not seem to have been based (entirely) on an old paradigm that was rapidly becoming antiquated in the wake of modernity. To

Management Competencies Free Essays

Management Competencies – Experience of a Healthcare Manager Context Health care organisations in New Zealand today face similar challenges to those in other highly developed countries (1, 2). With growing aging populations and increasing burden of chronic illnesses the demand for publically funded health and disabilities services continues to grow significantly (1). This increase in need coupled with the advancements in technology has driven the costs of providing publically funded healthcare services to unsustainable high levels (1, 2). We will write a custom essay sample on Management Competencies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Public spending on healthcare has continued to rise at the rate of 6% per year over the last decade with 21% of share of public spending being on health in 2010 (2, 3). In a background of the global economic crisis, District Health Boards (DHBs) who are charged with the provision of publically funded health and disability services are increasingly having to re-engineer their systems and services to provide value in financially constraint environments (2). While this at a systems level may mean taking a â€Å"whole of systems† approach with integrated service models (2), at the unit-specific services level it also includes focused attention on productivity, quality, waste reduction and safety. Key Competencies of the Service Manager Management competence is an important determinant of healthcare organisational performance (5). Competence is an individual’s knowledge, skills and behaviours relevant to their practice and performance (6, 7). Evidence from the Management Matter Research Project indicates that â€Å"higher management practice in hospitals is strongly correlated with hospitals’ quality of patient care and productivity outcomes† (8). It reported that improved management practice in hospitals were related to better clinical outcomes, increased patient satisfaction and better financial performance (8). The management role focused in this case is the service manager, a middle management role responsible for the strategic development and deliverables of the health service. The role is also accountable for the operational budget and management of staff. This paper explores the experience of the service manager challenged with transforming the health service from a dysfunctional average performing unit to a high performing, progressive and highly respected and valued service. It discusses the competencies of effective management with some reflection by the health service manager on the management approach utilised. Given the challenges of improving performance and developing a highly functional team, the service manager utilised the influential model of leadership style over the traditional reactive and transactional style as the predominant style of management (9, 10). This included engaging the workforce in developing a common vision for the service with clear objectives (11). In order to ensure the service goals were aligned with the organisational goals, an important characteristic of the service manager during this process was having a good understanding of the changing healthcare environment and the organisational priorities (11, 12, 13). Critical to achieving change and success was also his ability to work with staff to collectively determine and communicate the â€Å"Why†, â€Å"What†, â€Å"How†, â€Å"Who† and â€Å"When† elements of managing change. Regular reinforcement of both the positive and negative implications of the situation as well as setting mutually agreed expectations were also important to achieving change (11). This transformational style of management was also instrumental in gaining confidence and trust of staff in order to manage the workforce culture issues of mistrust, low morale and dissatisfaction largely resultant from historical experiences. The evidence for efficacy of this style and the associated competencies has been demonstrated by 2 studies reporting that transformational leader behaviour has significant positive impact on employee satisfaction and psychological well-being (14, 15). Additional leader/manager behaviours required and demonstrated by the service manager were those that focused on individualised consideration including; creating close working relationships which encourage mutual respect, empowering and including employees in decision making, creating opportunities for employee development through coaching and mentoring and team building (16). The benefits of these behaviours are evidenced in other leadership theories including behavioural (consideration behaviours) approach and leader-member exchange theory (11, 14, 17, 18, 19). Followership and early recognition of the relationship dynamics of a team are also key elements to effective management. Working closely with followers and those with team influential ability is useful when change is likely to be difficult or experience high levels of resistance (11). The use of a collective approach to resolving a problem and delegating the ownership of solution creation to a staff member with high peer influential ability results in achievement of objectives. The ability of the service manager to move appropriately between directive and participatory type management styles was also important in certain situations (11, 19). This was particularly useful for implementing workplace behavioural expectations like punctuality and managing disrespectful behaviours. A key competency for healthcare manager effectiveness relevant to the management style illustrated above is emotional intelligence (EI) (20). Essentially, this competency recognises the â€Å"importance of highly developed interpersonal skills and the ability to get along with others† to be effective at influencing and negotiating (20). The key attributes of a manager with high EI include self-awareness, self regulation, self motivation, social awareness and social skills (20). A summary of the key management competencies relevant to the management style described here is illustrated by the matrix diagram below (Figure 1) (12, 13). In summary, management styles in healthcare that are based upon the principles of transformational and behavioural leadership and utilise the respective competencies are likely to be more successful. Furthermore, while there are specific skills, behaviours and knowledge that describe the key competency domains, their use in practice is interrelated (see Figure 1) and often context-specific. [pic] References 1. The Global Health Policy Summit 2012. Report of the inaugural meeting 1 August 2012. Institute of Global Health Innovation. London: Imperial College London (UK); 2012. https://workspace. imperial. ac. k/global-health-innovation/Public/GHPS_2012_Summit_Report. pdfs 2. Mays N. Reorienting the New Zealand healthcare system to meet the challenge of long term conditions in a fiscally constraint environment. Jan 2013 (revised version). Paper prepared for New Zealand Treasury Long-term Fiscal External Panel, November 2012, and Chair of Public Finance, Victoria University of Wellington and New Zealand Treasury conference, Affording our Future, Wellington, 10-11 December. http://www. victoria. ac. nz/sacl/about/cpf/publications/pdfs/Nick-Mays-Revised-Conference-Paper-Jan-2013-website-version. pdf 3. Ministry of Health. Health Expenditure trends in New Zealand 2000-2010. Aug 2012. http://www. health. govt. nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010 4. 5. Fine, D. Establishing Competencies for Healthcare Managers. Healthcare Executive. 2002; 172(2): 66-67. (Cited by: Shewchuk R M. O’Connor S, Fine D. Building an Understanding of the Competencies Needed for Health Administration Practice. Journal of Health Care Management. 2005; 50(1):32-47). 6. Filerman GL. Closing the management competence gap. Hum Resource Health. 2003; 1: 7. (Cited by: Santric MM, Bjegovic-Mikanovic VM, Terzic-Supic ZJ, Vasic V. Competencies gap of management teams in primary health care. Euro J Pub Health. 2010; 21(2): 247-253). 7. Parry SB. Just what is a competency? And why should you care? Training. 1998: 58-64. (Cited by: Santric MM, Bjegovic-Mikanovic VM, Terzic-Supic ZJ, Vasic V. Competencies gap of management teams in primary health care. Euro J Pub Health. 2010; 21(2): 247-253). 8. Dorgan S, Layton D, Bloom N, Homkes R, Sadu R, Van Reenen J. Management matters. Why good practice really matters. Healthcare Management Survey. McKinsey Company. London School of Economics and Political Science. 2010: 1-28. ttp://cep. lse. ac. uk/textonly/_new/research/productivity/management/PDF/Management_in_Healthcare_Report. pdf 9. Rubin RS, Munz DC, Bommer WH. Leading form within: The effects of emotion recognition and personality on transformational leadership behaviour. Academy of Management Journal. 2005; 48: 845-858. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing st ress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 10. Bass BM.. Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 1999; 8: 9-32. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 11. Banaszak-Holl J, Nembhard I, Taylor L, Bradley E . Leadership and Management: A Framework for Action. Chapter 2. In: Burns LB, Bradley EH, Weiner BJ (editors). Shortell and Kaluzny’s Health Care Management Organisation Design and Behaviour. New York: Delmar Cenage; 2012. p. 33-62. 12. Stefl M. Common competencies for all healthcare managers: The Healthcare Leadership Alliance Model. J Healthcare Management. 2008; 53(6): 360-73. 13. Anderson P, Pulich M. Managerial competencies necessary in today’s dynamic health care environment. Health Care Manager. 2002; 21(2): 1–11. 14. Sosik JJ, Godshalk VM.. Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job related stress: A conceptual model and preliminary study. Journal of Organizational Behaviour. 000; 21: 365-390. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 15. AlimoMetcalfe B, AlbanMetcalfe RJ. The development of a new transformationa l leadership questionnaire. The Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology. 2001: 74: 1-27. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 16. Shewchuk RM, O’Connor S, Fine D. Building an Understanding of the Competencies Needed for Health Administration Practice. Journal of Health Care Management. 2005; 50(1):32-47. 17. Gerstner CR, Day DV. Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: correlates and construct issues. Journal of Applied Psychology. 1997: 82; 827-844. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 18. Graen GB, UhlBien M. Relationship based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly. 1995; 6: 219-247. (Cited in: Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2: 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf). 19. Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 20. Freshman B, Rubino L. Emotional Intelligence: A core competency for health care administrators. Health Care Manager 2002 20(4): 1- 9. ———————– Figure 1: Key Management Competencies for a HealthCare Manager How to cite Management Competencies, Papers

Information Technology Ethics and Professional Issues

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology Ethics and Professional Issues. Answer: Introduction: In most of the countries around the world, the revolution in the information technology has altered several aspects of the life such as security, transportation, medicine, entertainment, employment etc, in a very significant way. Along with that, both the information technology and the communication technology has been affected in both the good as well as bad ways and affect the relationship between the human, their education, family life, freedom, community life, democracy etc. Therefore, in order to avoid the bad impact of the information technology, it is very much important to follow an ethics. As stated by Brey (2012), computer ethics can be referred as the ethics that ensure that the professionals will follow an effective code of ethics as well as a good standard of practices in their professions. In the recent times, with the development of the technology, the professional also faces different professional issues. In order to avoid that, the professionals should follow a good ethics. It is seen that, there are several culture with different types of language, values and practices. Therefore, it can be easily estimated that, their ethical value is also differed. Individual from different cultures have different types of ethical behaviour and faced different types of professional issues because of their different culture but ethics related to computer will not be deferred because utilisation of computer cannot be deferred. This assignment is intended to describe the ethics related to information technology and different professional issues that are faced by the professional involved in the information technology field. Discussion on cross-cultural differences in computer ethics: As stated by Lin (2011), computer ethics can be defined as the part of the practical philosophy that mainly concerns with the decision making of different computing professionals related to different professional and the social conduct. Ethical decisions mainly dependent on the 3 main influences such as personal code of different individuals, exposures to different formal ethical code as well as the informal code of ethical conduct. Therefore, it can be said that the ethics is the moral value that can stop any individual from doing any illegal activity related to the computer. Any individual and organisation that utilises computer should have a complete knowledge regarding the computer ethics. This is because, computer ethics helps any individual to prevent theft of the intellectual property of others, it also prevents any individual or organisation to prevent the misuse of different personal information of others. Ethical code of conduct helps any individual from being unethical, wh ich may create several legal issues as well as it also prevent the loss of different types of jobs in the field of software development. An effective computer ethics can help any individual to make their computer a safe and better place and facilitate an effective communication with others. With the expanded consideration, paid to moral issues in business rehearse; there is enthusiasm for the morals hole between the U.S. furthermore, the U.K. also, in the consequences for instructing understudies for business administration positions. This paper looks at the distinctions in morals judgments between U.S. what's more, U.K. business understudies. The outcomes show that distinctions in their demographic profiles don't impact their morals judgments. Nonetheless, reliably higher business morals of female understudies from both nations are talked about in connection to giving business morals training. However, it is seen that with the development of technology, many individual or organisation are utilising their computer for their individual benefits by accessing the information of others, which is not ethical. Therefore, for a bad code of conduct and lack of intention to follow an effective computer ethics many individual are destroying the important or personal data and expose their personal information, which is not very ethical so it creates different ethical issues. As stated by Mason (2015), due to those ethical issues, any intruder can access all of the private information of any computer users and utilise those data for their individual benefits. Therefore, it is mandatory for any computer professionals to follow all of the computer ethics. Therefore, it is very much important to identify the ethical issues. Along with that, it is also important to find out the way by which the ethical issues can be mitigated. In order to resolve the ethical issues, Michael Davis propose a model by which ethical model can be easily resolved. Davis model stated different ethical problem, and then checked different facts. After that, it generates a list of the option by considering different facts regarding the problem. Davis model is generally the seven-step model that helps any individual to make ethical decision. In this model, the first step is stating the problem regarding ethics that need to be resolved. After that, it is important to check different facts because many problem can be resolved by conducting a closer examinations. According to Weckert Adeney (2013), then it is important to identify different factors that are relevant to th e ethical issues. Like professional code, different laws, practical limitations. Next it is important to develop a list of option to resolve the issues. After developing list of options, it is very much important to develop several options for tests like defensibility tests, colleague test, publicity tests, harm tests etc. Then it is important to make a choice and after that it is important to review the previous stages. There are several ethical theory that describes that any professional or people should behave in the way so that it benefitted every individual. Ethical theories mainly consider the benefits of the whole society and there are mainly two approaches of the ethical theory that are deontological approach and the consequentialist approach. As per Mather (2011), among those approaches, the first consequentialist approach generally assumes that the moral value for actions are generally solely determined by different consequences of the actions. This approach is mainly the utilitarians in nature that consider that everyone act in the way that can bring them the greatest amount of the happiness. Therefore, it can be said that this approach mainly focuses on the consequences of any particular actions and assure the maximum happiness for all of the involved people. On the other hand, the deontological approach emphasise the character of any act. This approach describe that if any action can be taken from the sense of duty and all of the principles are universalised, then the action can be considered as the right. Two approaches deontological approach and the teleological approach are the most important ethical theory based upon which any ethical decisions are taken. It is important for any individual to have their own set of professional ethics when they are entering into the workforce or any complex set of relationship with any other individual. Professional ethics is important to ensure duties and the rights among all of the individual (Muller DiMola, 2012). There are several professional standards, according to which any professional maintains all their responsibility to their clients. Every computer professionals must enjoy their freedom to specify that how they can meet the actual computer systems. It is seen that they generally meet the minimum performance levels in order to meet the reliability, budget and speed. However, their organisation may want more performances from them so it may create a professional issues (Robertson, 2016). Along with that, conflict in interests in any organisation may generate professional issues among different professionals that may destroy the complete project. Any individual can face professional issues of they do not have any respect for their co-workers. Along with that, any team member of any team may access the intelligence properties of others that can create also the professional issues. As examination has set up, IT-related moral issues are common around the world. As future IT experts, understudies enlisted in innovation educational modules will more likely than not get them confronted with moral difficulties at some point in their profession. Additionally, in light of the fact that the pattern toward a globalized economy proceeds with, a large portion of today's understudies will wind up working with people of various nationalities and it will turn out to be progressively essential to see how distinctive people react to moral concerns. This article shows the aftereffects of a study of undergrad IT understudies from the U.S. also, three European nations (Santana Wood, 2012). The study scrutinized the understudies about the ethicality of different IT hones and their apparent aims in the event that they ought to experience such a circumstance. The perspectives of the American understudies were then contrasted with those of the European understudies to investigate te xtures and contrasts. According to Schultz (2012, p.76), the privacy is linguistic in various way in in various languages. English have their own sets of cultures and thus the limitation of their privacy is bounded the protocols offered by their culture. IT has revoluted the structure of culture in various country. Countries like Japan and China, those are very productive in international IT cases are experiencing a glimpse of western culture. Privacy is defined as keep the resources of one special person from the visibility of any other person. The privacy factor is now beyond the definition of social science. With implication of social network the countries have faced a new issue that is privacy. Ample of countries are promoting violent and other websites containing criminality, nudity and violence. China had banned whatsapp due sharing irrelevant videos and Pakistan has banned Youtube since it contains sexual documents. Privacy is also defined as securing the data of online customers. Countries like US A had been accused that they checks for private messages. This can be one risk to privacy that hindered by the implication of Information technology. England is experiencing a change in culture due to lack of privacy in internet. Country is having same sex marriages and single mother problem due to open protocol system in privacy. Therefore, in order to avoid different professional issues in the workplace, the entire professional involved in computer technology should follow some professional consideration. Along with that, in order to increase the performance it is important for any professional to evaluate their performances by other team members because it can help them to know their actual knowledge level. Every professional should be loyal to their organisation and do not expose any sensitive organisational information to any other organisation. In order to avoid any kind of professional issues, it is the duty of any computer professional to ensure the safety, health as well as welfare for the public. It is the professional duty of any professional to educate general people regarding computing. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that there are some set of ethics and professional ethics that should be followed by every individual around the world and it can be said that ethical theories cannot be different in different region because usage of computer and thee duties and responsibilities of the professional cannot be differed in different region. However, due to different culture, some more ethics can be applied (Siegfried, 2014). Suppose in some region the tendency of the individual to access others information is high, then it is clear that among that culture, some more ethics can be applied to protect user from the situation. It is seen that the teleological approach describe the every people should act in the way so that it can ensure the maximum amount of happiness or in case of the ideological approach, the right or wrong meaning of any action has been described. It describes that when any individual should consider any action as the right. Therefore, it can be state that, how any action can ensure the maximum happiness or when should any individual consider any action, as right is not changeable. This is because, every geographic region access internet in the same way and follow an universal code of conduct or professional ethics so there should not be any differences in computer ethics in different cultural region. Therefore, it can be said that there ethical consideration is not changed, but there are some view that computer ethics are changed with the culture or the geographical locations (Towell et al. 2014). It is seen that, individual or professional of the US are more aware of the ethical behaviour in the business. Therefore, there should not be any extra ethics regarding the individual of the US. The reason behind this is, all of the ethical code of conduct are developed in the western countries so it was developed in the earlier times, that all of the current ethical consideration will secure the IT users. On the other hand, it is found that the Thai professionals are most likely to commit different software piracy rather than the individual of US. Therefore, some extra code of conduct or the ethical consideration is required in order to protect the organisation from this loss. However, in the computer ethics the main difference in the computer ethics in diversified culture is related to their approaches to resolve the information ethics. It is seen that, there are significant cross-cultural differences among the western and the no n-western organisation and their approach is also different to take ethical decision. As stated by van Wel and Royakkers (2014), in order to develop the answer regarding it, concept of moral relativism is effective. It is seen that there are two kinds of moral relativism like the metaethical moral relativism and the descriptive moral relativism. According to the descriptive moral relativism, there are an extensive diversity according to the moral principles and the values regarding the groups, culture, historical periods etc. On the other hand, descriptive moral absolutism there is not any profound disagreements are present in different groups, culture, society and the individuals. On the other hand, according to the metaethical moral relativism, justification of the moral judgement is not the objective or the absolute, but it is relative with the groups, culture, and historical periods. Therefore, it can be said that the descriptive relativism claims about the values about which different society or people actually have. On the other hand, metaethical relativism claims about different values that can be justified to have. There is a claim that the any ethics (also include computer ethics) is culturally relative, therefore, the metaethical relativism is true in this case. It has claimed that the computer ethics are valid in the culture in which it is developed. As per the viewpoint of Weckert and Adeney, (2013), computer ethics is one of the product of the western countries so according to the cultural relativity the value and the principles cannot be applied in the non western countries. It is seen that the, metaethical relativism is generally dependent on different previous observation when the descriptive relativism is true. Therefore, if descriptive relativism is false then the people across the world would share a framework that contains different basic values or principles and in this case, the computer ethics will not be different in different culture. It is seen that in different culture the c oncept of the intellectual property and the privacy is same. There are mainly three kinds of evidence by which it can be seen that are conceptual, behavioural and the institutional. Among them the first evidence conceptual describe the extent to which moral concepts in different culture has the same meaning (Yao-Huai, 2015). For example, chinese culture has the same concept regarding the privacy like the american culture. Therefore, it can be state that here the concept of privacy is same in both the western as well as the non-western culture. On the other hand, institutional evidence describe the extent to which there are some similarity between different types of codified rules that express different moral principles as well as the codified statements, which can express moral judgement regarding any particular situations. For examples, the moral principles that are written in different Latin cultures are same as the rules and the law of America (Towell et al.2012). The behavioural evidence is the similarity regarding the behaviours and the customs that are generally guided by different moral principles. In this behavioural evidence there are some tendencies that can avoid the immoral behaviour than the moral. Freedom of information Freedom of information consists of two principles such as speech and access of information. The freedom of speech deals with the expressing of ones ideas and knowledge in the form of writing and speech. In some western countries, information freedom is often considered as constitutional right. Laws for the protection of information freedom are sometimes designed to ensure that the individual can enjoy and relate to this freedom without any governmental interruption. As opined by Brey, (2012), the interruption of government is only allowed in some critical situations. Certain non-western countries does not follow information freedom as the principal for guiding. However, there are also some institutional freedom protections and practices are present that interrupt the information freedom. The concept of this is not part of established standard of the society. In those societies the precedence taken by the national societies and the independent right to information freedom is not recog nised and is taken as subordinative in terms of national interests. This hardly resembles the right of western countries to the information freedom. The state ownership practices are widespread in some countries where the mass media is highly controlled by the government authorities. The databases and internet libraries are highly censored and the messages are largely cracked. Conclusion: All of the professional must fulfill their responsibility to their users or clients, to their colleagues, organisation as well as public. Any professional should report all of the findings to their clients or the users with honesty and it must be represented accurately. While designing any computer system, then the professional should not only consider the specification provided by their clients but they also consider the way by which the system can provide more quality in life. In order to generate an effective system it is very important for any professional to avoid any kind of conflict in interests among their colleagues because it may create several professional issues. Reference list: Brey, P. (2012). Anticipating ethical issues in emerging IT. Ethics and Information Technology, 14(4), 305-317. Lin, H. (2011). The ethics of instructional technology: issues and coping strategies experienced by professional technologists in design and training situations in higher education. Education Tech Research Dev, 55(5), 411-437. Mason, R. (2015). Applying ethics to information technology issues. Communications of the ACM, 38(12), pp.55-57. Mather, K. (2011). Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Technology20071Herman Tavani. Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Technology . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Inc. 2007. J of Inf, Com Eth in Society, 5(1), 43-44. Muller, L. and DiMola, M. (2012). Legal Regulatory Issues. Professional Case Management, 17(5), 241-244. Robertson, T. (2016). Ethical issues in interaction design. Ethics and Information Technology, 8(2), 49-59. Santana, A. and Wood, D. (2012). Transparency and social responsibility issues for Wikipedia. Ethics and Information Technology, 11(2), 133-144. Schultz, R. (2012). Contemporary issues in ethics and information technology. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. Siegfried, R. (2014). Student Attitudes on Software Piracy and Related Issues of Computer Ethics.Ethics and Information Technology, 6(4), 215-222. Towell, E., Thompson, J. and McFadden, K. (2014). Introducing and Developing Professional Standards in the Information Systems Curriculum. Ethics and Information Technology, 6(4), 291-299. van Wel, L. and Royakkers, L. (2014). Ethical issues in web data mining. Ethics and Information Technology, 6(2), 129-140. Weckert, J. Adeney, D. (2013). Computer and information ethics. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Yao-Huai, L. (2015). Privacy and Data Privacy Issues in Contemporary China. Ethics and Information Technology, 7(1), 7-15.

Sport Marketing Identifying Key Market

Question: 1. Choosing and identifying the organisation - Choose Cleveland Cavs as the organisation and write a small description about the "vision, mission" in 60-70 words. 2. Write about the segments not targeted by Manchester United. i.e, Demographical, Geographical , Age, Gender etc. 100-120 3. Targeting of your organisation should which segments are chosen from the second question and which strategy is to be applied and with reasoning. 150-200 words. 4. Positioning of the organisation is to be explained in brief. Answer: About Cleveland Cavs and its vision and mission Cleveland Cavs is an American professional basketballteamthat started playing in 1970 and already won five Central Division championships, one NBA championship and three Eastern Conference championships and intends to win more championships in the future (Hoffmann et al., 2016). Their vision is to be a model basketball organization in the world that hosts quality program to foster new players and perform volunteer tournaments for charity. Their mission is to provide opportunities to young candidates so that they can enjoy this game. Segment not targeted by Cleveland Cavs Market segmentation is a strategy adopted by an organization that involves division of their target market into subsets based on Demographic, Geographic, age, gender or that represents an individuals interest and priorities (Cianfrone et al., 2015). Cleveland Cavs majorly target young talent from 7 to 9 years old age group as they have more time to practice and develop themselves hence not targeted the elderly citizens for their club. Granzin and Olsen (2015) depict that, like any other basketball clubs; Cleveland Cavs also have a majority of male players and hence we can get asses that female players are not a part of this club. Moreover, regarding geographic segmentation, Cleveland Cavs hosts their tournaments in cities and developed countries so that more people can know about them and neglects rural regions and developing states. Methods for enhancing their market segmentation According to Cianfrone et al., (2015), every individual should play sports as it maintains body fitness and improve their sports performance. Cleveland Cavs should also encourage elderly citizens so that the popularity of basketball can be increased and they should provide proper training to them so that they can represent their club in SeniorOlympics and other championships so that they can target new elderly members too which resembles their market development. In this way, the concerned club not only can promote for healthy lifestyles forseniors, but they can also educate other aged groups about fitness and sports. In addition to that, Lieberman (2016) illustrates that developing women's sports along with its men's counterpart game could be an essential step taken by a sports organization or club. Cleveland Cavs can associate with Women's American Basketball Association (WABA) for targeting more women basketball player and illustrates developmentofofferings to develop womens performance. America values sports as a part of their country's culture and hence hosts a national tournament and voluntary tournaments throughout the years. However, Cleveland Cavs can enhance their brand in developing American cities or rural area across the world for making more people aware of the basketball. Positioning of Cleveland Cavs Schlegelmilch (2016) stated that positioning signifies the competitiveness of that organization in a particular place that defines the brands objectives. In America there are numerous basketball clubs and teams like the United States men's national basketball teams, Boston Celtics, Oklahoma City Thunder and others; however, Cleveland Cavs has gained popularity since their establishments as they take initiatives for introducing a new approach for the betterment of their basketball club (Fewell et al., 2012). This club has introduced basketball games for each age group like Youth Basketball Tournaments, Women's Basketball Championshipand National Senior Games Association for kids, womens and older citizens in rural as well urban location so that more people get attracted towards basketball and know more about this game. References List Cianfrone, B.A., Zhang, J., Pitts, B. and Byon, K.K., 2015. Identifying key market demand factors associated with high school basketball tournaments.Sport Marketing Quarterly,24(2), p.91. Fewell, J.H., Armbruster, D., Ingraham, J., Petersen, A. and Waters, J.S., 2012. Basketball teams as strategic networks.PloS one,7(11), p.e47445. Granzin, K.L. and Olsen, J.E., 2015. Market Segmentation in the Collegiate Basketball Market. InProceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 357-361). Springer International Publishing. Hoffmann, F., Batchelor, R.P. and Manning, M.J., 2016.Basketball in America: From the Playgrounds to Jordan's Game and Beyond. Routledge. Lieberman, W., 2016. The evolution of market segmentation in revenue management and dynamic pricing.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2016. Segmenting Targeting and Positioning in Global Markets. InGlobal Marketing Strategy(pp. 63-82). Springer International Publishing.